![]() ![]() ![]() After the second Chartist Petition was presented to Parliament in April 1842 and rejected, the strike began in the coal mines of Staffordshire, England, and soon spread through Britain affecting factories, cotton mills in Lancashire and coal mines from Dundee to South Wales and Cornwall. ![]() In 1842 the demands for fairer wages and conditions across many different industries finally exploded into the first modern general strike. In 1838, a Statistical Society of London committee "used the first written questionnaire… The committee prepared and printed a list of questions 'designed to elicit the complete and impartial history of strikes.'" By the 1830s, when the Chartist movement was at its peak in Britain, a true and widespread 'workers consciousness' was awakening. For the first time in history, large numbers of people were members of the industrial working class they lived in towns and cities, exchanging their labor for payment. The strike action only became a feature of the political landscape with the onset of the Industrial Revolution. During and after the Industrial Revolution Agitated workers face the factory owner in The Strike. Wells characterized this event as "the general strike of the plebeians the plebeians seem to have invented the strike, which now makes its first appearance in history." Their first strike occurred because they "saw with indignation their friends, who had often served the state bravely in the legions, thrown into chains and reduced to slavery at the demand of patrician creditors". Īn early predecessor of the general strike may have been the secessio plebis in ancient Rome. The first Jewish source for the idea of a labor strike appears in the Talmud, which describes that the bakers who prepared showbread for the altar went on strike. The Egyptian authorities raised the wages. The artisans of the Royal Necropolis at Deir el-Medina walked off their jobs because they had not been paid. The first historically certain account of strike action was towards the end of the 20th dynasty, under Pharaoh Ramses III in ancient Egypt on 14 November in 1152 BCE. The use of the English word "strike" to describe a work protest was first seen in 1768, when sailors, in support of demonstrations in London, "struck" or removed the topgallant sails of merchant ships at port, thus crippling the ships. See also: List of strikes Origin of the term History Strike action (1879), painting by Theodor Kittelsen These strikes were significant in the long campaign of civil resistance for political change in Poland, and were an important mobilizing effort that contributed to the fall of the Iron Curtain and the end of communist party rule in Eastern Europe. Notable examples are the 1980 Gdańsk Shipyard and the 1981 Warning Strike led by Lech Wałęsa. Occasionally, strikes destabilize the rule of a particular political party or ruler in such cases, strikes are often part of a broader social movement taking the form of a campaign of civil resistance. Strikes are sometimes used to pressure governments to change policies. Many Western nations legalized striking under certain conditions in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Early strikes were often deemed unlawful conspiracies or anti-competitive cartel action and many were subject to massive legal repression by state police, federal military power, and federal courts. When government intervention occurred, it was rarely neutral or amicable. As striking became a more common practice, governments were often pushed to act (either by private business or by union workers). Strikes became common during the Industrial Revolution, when mass labor became important in factories and mines. A strike usually takes place in response to employee grievances. Strike action, also called labor strike, labour strike, or simply strike, is a work stoppage caused by the mass refusal of employees to work. ![]()
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